公海

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　　沿海國內水、領海、群島水域或專屬經濟區以外不受任何國家主權管轄和支配的所有海域。《聯合國海洋法公約》(1982)規定，公海對所有國家開放。各 國均可平等地享有航行自由、飛越自由、鋪設海底電纜和管道自由、建造國際所容許的人工島嶼和其他設施的自由、捕魚自由、科學研究自由。各國在行使公海自由 權時，應遵守海洋法和其他國際法規則，應考慮其他國家的利益。任何國家都不得對公海的水體、海床、底土及其上空的任何部分施行法權或軍事有效佔領。船舶在 公海航行時，須懸掛國家國旗，遵守國際法和服從船旗國的管轄。軍艦和專用於政府的非商業性用途的船舶，在公海享有不受船旗國以外國家管轄的完全豁免權。公海法律制度具有調整國家間航海、商業和漁業活動及開發與利用公海資源的作用。

excerpt from http://www.gf81.com.cn/25/25_09.htm

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